What is an Air Handler? (And What Do they Do?)

Posted On: September 20, 2024

Air handlers are an essential component of HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems, yet they often get neglected. If you’re a homeowner or building owner, gaining a better understanding of air handlers can help you:

Enhance your indoor air quality
Increase energy efficiency
Manage your property’s climate control systems more effectively

In this detailed blog post, we’ll explore everything you need to know about an air handler, from their basic functions to their benefits and maintenance.

What is an Air Handler?

An air handler, sometimes referred to as an air handling unit (AHU), is a device used to regulate and circulate air within an HVAC system. Typically, it consists of a blower, heating or cooling elements, filter racks or chambers, sound attenuators, and dampers. Air handlers play a crucial role in ensuring that the conditioned air reaches various parts of a building, maintaining a comfortable indoor environment.

Components of an Air Handler

Understanding the key components of an air handler can help you appreciate its functionality and importance. Here’s a breakdown of the main elements:

Blower/Fan

The blower or fan is the heart of an air handler. It circulates air throughout the HVAC system by pulling air in from the return ducts and pushing it into the supply ducts. There are different types of blowers, but the most common ones include:

Centrifugal Blowers: These blowers use a rotating wheel to move air and are known for their high efficiency and ability to handle large volumes of air.
Axial Fans: These fans use blades to move air and are typically used in smaller air handlers where high pressure is not required.

Heating and Cooling Coils

Heating and cooling coils are responsible for conditioning the air before it is distributed. These coils can be:

Heating Coils: They use hot water, steam, or electric resistance to heat the air.
Cooling Coils: They use chilled water or refrigerant to cool the air.

Filters

Air filters are crucial for maintaining indoor air quality. They trap dust, pollen, and other airborne particles, preventing them from circulating throughout the building. Depending on the level of filtration required, various types of filters can be used, including:

Fiberglass Filters: Basic filters that capture large particles.
Pleated Filters: More efficient filters that can capture smaller particles.
HEPA Filters: High-efficiency particulate air filters designed to capture very small particles, including bacteria and viruses.

Dampers

Dampers help regulate the airflow within the air handler. They can be adjusted to control the amount of air entering or leaving the unit, ensuring balanced airflow and optimal performance.

Sound Attenuators

Sound attenuators, also known as silencers, reduce the noise generated by the blower and other components. This is especially important in residential and commercial settings where noise control is a priority.

4 Types of Air Handlers

Air handlers come in various configurations, each suited for different applications and building types. Here are some common types:

1. Central Air Handlers

Central air handlers are typically used in large buildings and commercial spaces. They are designed to handle large volumes of air and are usually connected to extensive ductwork systems. These units are often located in mechanical rooms or dedicated spaces within the building.

2. Packaged Air Handlers

Packaged air handlers combine all the components of an air handler into a single, compact unit. They are commonly used in residential settings and small commercial buildings where space is limited.

3. Rooftop Units

Rooftop air handlers are designed to be installed on the roof of a building. They are commonly used in commercial and industrial applications where there is limited indoor space for HVAC equipment.

4. Terminal Units

Terminal air handlers are smaller units designed to serve individual rooms or zones within a building. They are often used in hotels, office buildings, and other multi-room facilities to provide localized climate control.

Benefits of Using an Air Handler

Air handlers offer several benefits that can enhance the comfort and efficiency of your building’s HVAC system. Here are some key advantages:

Improved Indoor Air Quality: Air handlers help maintain good indoor air quality by filtering out dust, pollen, and other contaminants. This is especially important for individuals with allergies or respiratory conditions. By ensuring clean, fresh air, air handlers contribute to a healthier indoor environment.
Enhanced Energy Efficiency: Modern air handlers are designed to be energy-efficient, reducing the overall energy consumption of your HVAC system. Features such as variable speed drives (VSDs) and energy recovery ventilators (ERVs) can further enhance efficiency, leading to lower utility bills and reduced environmental impact.
Consistent Temperature Control: Air handlers play a crucial role in maintaining consistent temperatures throughout a building. By evenly distributing conditioned air, they ensure that all areas remain comfortable, regardless of external weather conditions.
Customizable Options: Air handlers come with various customization options, allowing you to tailor the unit to your specific needs. Whether you require enhanced filtration, humidity control, or specialized coils, air handlers can be configured to meet your requirements.
Longevity and Reliability: When properly maintained, air handlers can have a long operational life. Regular maintenance, such as filter replacement and coil cleaning, ensures that the unit continues to perform efficiently and reliably over time.

How to Choose the Right Air Handler

Selecting the right air handler for your building is essential for optimal performance and efficiency. Here are some factors to consider:

Building Size and Layout

The size and layout of your building will determine the capacity and configuration of the air handler you need. Larger buildings with extensive ductwork systems may require central air handlers, while smaller spaces can benefit from packaged or terminal units.

Airflow Requirements

Consider the airflow requirements of your building when choosing an air handler. The unit should be capable of handling the required volume of air to ensure adequate ventilation and temperature control.

Filtration Needs

Evaluate the level of filtration needed for your building. If you require high-efficiency filtration, such as HEPA filters, ensure that the air handler can accommodate these filters without compromising airflow.

Energy Efficiency

Look for air handlers with energy-efficient features, such as variable speed drives and energy recovery ventilators. These features can significantly reduce energy consumption and lower operating costs.

Noise Considerations

If noise control is a priority, opt for air handlers with sound attenuators or silencers. These components can minimize noise levels, ensuring a quiet and comfortable environment.

Maintenance Tips for Air Handlers

Proper maintenance is essential to keep your air handler running efficiently and reliably. Here are some maintenance tips to keep in mind:

Regular Filter Replacement: Replace air filters regularly to ensure optimal airflow and air quality. Clogged filters can reduce the efficiency of your air handler and compromise indoor air quality.
Coil Cleaning: Clean the heating and cooling coils periodically to remove dirt and debris. Dirty coils can reduce heat transfer efficiency, leading to increased energy consumption and reduced performance.
Inspect and Lubricate Moving Parts: Inspect the blower, fan, and other moving parts for wear and tear. Lubricate these components as needed to reduce friction and ensure smooth operation.
Check Electrical Connections: Inspect electrical connections for signs of wear or damage. Loose or corroded connections can lead to electrical issues and affect the performance of your air handler.
Monitor System Performance: Regularly monitor the performance of your HVAC system to identify any issues early. If you notice unusual noises, reduced airflow, or inconsistent temperatures, address these issues promptly to prevent further damage.

Your Local HVAC Professionals

Air handlers are a vital component of HVAC systems, playing a crucial role in maintaining indoor air quality, temperature control, and energy efficiency. Understanding the various types, components, and benefits of air handlers can help homeowners and building owners make informed decisions about their HVAC systems.

Remember, investing in a high-quality air handler is an investment in the comfort, health, and efficiency of your building. Take the time to choose the right unit for your needs, and you’ll reap the benefits of a well-functioning HVAC system.

For more information about air handlers and other HVAC solutions, visit our website and explore our comprehensive range of products and services. Our team of experts at Genz-Ryan is here to help you with all your HVAC needs, from installation and maintenance to energy-efficient upgrades. Contact us today to get the support you need for your air handler!